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Ansi Asq Z1 9 2008 Pdf Reader카테고리 없음 2020. 3. 16. 13:40
CHAPTER 1Piping Codes, Standards, and SpecificationsIn the new computer-aided design (CAD) era, the compliance to industry codes, standards, and specifications remains essential for the successful completion of a process facility, safe operation, and the satisfaction of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) requirements. The chapter is divided into the following sections:1.11.1Introduction1.2Definitions1.3Codes1.4Standards and SpecificationsIntroductionCompliance to a code generally is mandatory, imposed by regulatory and enforcement agencies or their representatives. Also, the insurance company for the facility requires the owner to comply with the requirements of the relevant code or codes to ensure the safety of the workers and the general public. Compliance to standards normally is required by the rules of the applicable code or the purchaser’s specification.12 Chapter 1—Piping Codes, Standards, and SpecificationsA vast majority of these codes, standards, and specifications have their origins in the United States, because initially this is where the most oil and gas activity was based.
This is not likely to change in the near future; however, in recent years, there has been an increase in the alignment with ISO, and this is likely to increase. Despite the strength of U.S. Codes, standards, and specifications, similar documents from other engineering centers should not be ignored, like British standards (UK), DIN (Germany), AFNOR (France), JIS (Japan), and others.1.2DefinitionsA code identifies the general requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of process piping systems. For example, ASME B31.3—Process Piping is classified as a design code. This is the most commonly used international design code for process plants.
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A standard contains more-detailed design and construction parameters and standard dimensional and tolerance requirements for individual piping components, such as various types of valves, pipe, tee, flanges, and other in-line items to complete a piping system. For example, ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, is classified as a dimensional standard, but it also references ASTM material specifications. A specification, as the word implies, gives more specific information and data on the component; and ASTM’s are considered to be material specifications, although they sometimes are ambiguously called standard specifications. ASTM A105 is the “standard specification for carbon steel forgings for piping applications.” To conclude and combine these definitions, ASME B31.3 is a design code, with flanges designed to the ASME B16.5 standard, which are constructed to the material specification ASTM A105. It is not uncommon for even experienced personnel to get the definitions of these three types of document mixed up, and it is important to comprehend the distinct differences.1.3 Codes 31.3CodesA regulatory organization imposes mandatory compliance to a code, from the basic design through to mechanical completion and eventual hand-over of a plant to the operator. For example, ASME B31. 3, Process Piping, is the refinery code.
The insurer of the plant will make this a contractual requirement to ensure safety for personnel and plant during construction, commissioning, and ongoing operation. The codes, standards, and specifications that relate to piping systems and piping components are published by various organizations.
These organizations have committees comprising representatives from industry associations, manufacturers, EPC contractors, end users/operators, government bodies, insurance companies, and other interested groups. A committee is responsible for maintaining, updating, and revising the codes, standards, and specifications, taking into consideration all technological developments, research, experience feedback from end users, and any changes in referenced codes, standards, specifications, or regulations. The oil and gas industry has been established for many years, and changes to industry codes are generally negligible. Periodically, revisions are published, listing amendments that have been made to the document. It is essential that engineers and designers who work regularly with the document use the latest edition. With regard to referencing a particular edition, issue, addendum, or revision of a code or standard, the piping engineer must be aware of the national, state, provincial, and local laws and regulations governing its interpretation in addition to the commitments made by the owner and the limitations delineated in the code or standard.1.3.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler Pressure Vessel Codes The boiler pressure vessel (BPV) section covers major codes and standards related to piping. Some of these codes and standards are discussed briefly, whereas others are listed for convenience of reference.4 Chapter 1—Piping Codes, Standards, and SpecificationsAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is one of the leading engineering organizations in the world.
It develops and publishes engineering codes and standards. The ASME established a committee in 1911 to formulate rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. This committee, now known as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee, is responsible for the ASME boiler and pressure vessel code. In addition, the ASME has established committees that develop many other codes and standards, such as the ASME B31 code for pressure piping. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code comprises 12 sections: Section I, Power Boilers. Section II, Material Specifications. Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components.Division 1, Nuclear Power Plant Components.Division 2, Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containments.Division 3, Containment Systems and Transport Packaging for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste.Section IV, Heating Boilers.
Section V, Nondestructive Examination. Section VI, Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of Heating Boilers. Section VII, Recommended Rules for Care of Power Boilers. Section VIII, Pressure Vessels.Division 1, Pressure Vessels.Division 2, Pressure Vessels (Alternative Rules).1.3 Codes 5.Division 3, Alternative Rules for Construction of HighPressure Vessels.Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications.
Section X, Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels. Section XI, Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components. Section XII, Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks. Code Cases: Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Code Cases: Nuclear Components. ASME Section I, Power Boilers This ASME section provides requirements for all methods of construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high-temperature water boilers used in stationary service; and power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Rules pertaining to use of the V, A, M, PP, S, and E code symbol stamps are included.
The rules are applicable to boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated at pressures exceeding 15 psig and high-temperature water boilers intended for operation at pressures exceeding 160 psig or temperatures exceeding 250°F. Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the boiler without intervening valves are considered part of the scope of Section I. ASME Section II, Material Specifications (Scope) ASME Section II consists of four parts, three of which contain material specifications and the fourth the properties of materials listed previously. Part A, Ferrous Material Specifications.
Part B, Nonferrous Material Specifications. Part C, Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals.6 Chapter 1—Piping Codes, Standards, and SpecificationsPart D, Properties Practical Guide to ASME Section II. Part A, Ferrous Material Specifications, provides material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. These specifications contain requirements and mechanical properties, test specimens, and methods of testing. They are designated by SA numbers and are derived from ASTM A specifications.
Part B, Nonferrous Material Specifications, provides material specifications for nonferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. These specifications contain requirements for heat treatment, manufacture, chemical composition, heat and product analyses, mechanical test requirements, and mechanical properties, test specimens, and methods of testing. They are designated by SB numbers and derived from ASTM B specifications. Part C, Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals, provides material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability, chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and intended uses for welding rods, electrodes, and filler metals. These specifications are designated by SFA numbers and derived from AWS specifications. Part D, Properties, provides tables of design stress values, tensile and yield strength values, and tables and charts of material properties.
Part D facilitates ready identification of specific materials to specific sections of the boiler and pressure vessel code. Part D’s appendices contain criteria for establishing allowable stress, the bases for establishing external pressure charts, and information required for approval of new materials. Subpart 1 contains allowable stress and design stress intensity tables for ferrous and nonferrous materials for pipe, fittings, plates, bolts, and so forth.
In addition, it provides tensile strength and yield strength values for ferrous and nonferrous materials and lists factors for limiting permanent strain in nickel, high-nickel alloys, and highalloy steels. Subpart 2 of Part D has tables and charts providing physical properties, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, moduli of elasticity,1.3 Codes 7and other technical data needed for the design and construction of pressure-containing components and their supports made from ferrous and nonferrous materials. Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components Subsection NCA contains general requirements for divisions 1 through 3: Division 1. Subsection NB, Class 1 Components. Subsection NC, Class 2 Components. Subsection ND, Class 3 Components. Subsection NE, Class MC Components.
Subsection NF, Supports. Subsection NG, Core Support Structures. Subsection NH, Elevated Temperature Service. Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containments.
Containment Systems and Transportation Packaging for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste. Division 1, Subsection NCA, General Requirements Divisions 1 and 2, provides tables of design stress values, tensile and yield strength values, and tables and charts of material properties. Part D facilitates ready identification of specific materials to specific sections of the boiler and pressure vessel code. Part D’s appendices contain criteria for establishing allowable stress, the bases for establishing external pressure charts, and information required for approval of new materials.8 Chapter 1—Piping Codes, Standards, and SpecificationsSubsection NB, Class 1 Components, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, examination, testing, and overpressure protection of items intended to conform to the requirements for Class 1 construction. The rules of subsection NB cover the requirements for assuring the structural integrity of items.
Subsection NC, Class 2 Components, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, examination, testing, and overpressure protection of items intended to conform to the requirements for Class 2 construction. The rules of subsection NC cover the requirements for assuring the structural integrity of items. Subsection ND, Class 3 Components, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, examination, testing, and overpressure protection of items intended to conform to the requirements for Class 3 construction. The rules of subsection ND cover the requirements for assuring the structural integrity of items. Subsection NE, Class MC Components, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, and overpressure protection of metal containment vessels intended to conform to the requirements for class MC construction. The rules of subsection NE cover the requirements for assuring the structural integrity of the metal containment vessel.
Subsection NF, Supports, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, and examination of supports intended to conform to the requirements for classes 1, 2, 3 and MC construction. Nuclear power plant supports for which rules are specified in this subsection are those metal supports designed to transmit loads from the pressure retaining barrier of the component of piping to the load-carrying building structure.
In some cases, intervening elements in the component support load path may not be constructed to the rules of this section, such as diesel engines, electric motors, valve operators, coolers, and access structures. Subsection NG, Core Support Structures, contains requirements for the material, design, fabrication, and examination required in the manufacture and installation of core support structures.
Manostaxx – Industrial Management ConsultingCan be downloaded free of charge using the website:. MIL-STD-1916 (1996) – DOD Preferred Methods for Acceptance of Product To download MIL-STD-1916 in pdf format, click here: (0.2 MB). MIL-HDBK-1916 (1999) – Companion Document to MIL-STD-1916 To download MIL-HDBK-1916 in pdf format, click here: (1.5 MB). MIL-STD-105E (1989) – Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes Cancelled by NOT 1 dated 27 FEB 95.
Future acquisitions should refer to acceptable NGS on sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes, such as ANSI/ASQC Z1.4-1993. To download MIL-STD-105E in pdf format, click here: (3.4 MB). To download NOT 1 in pdf format, click here: (0.04 MB). MIL-STD-414 (1968) – Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Variables for Percent NonconformingCancelled by NOT 2 dated 2 FEB 99. Future acquisitions should refer to acceptable non-Government standard on sampling procedures and tables for inspection by variables for percent defective such as ANSI/ASQC Z1.9-1993.
To download MIL-STD-414 in pdf format, click here: (5.5 MB). To download NOT 2 in pdf format, click here: (0.01 MB). MIL-STD-1235C (1974) – Single and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by AttributesCancelled by MIL-STD-1235C NOT 1. To download MIL-STD-1235C in pdf format, click here: (20.9 MB). To download NOT 1 in pdf format, click here: (0.02 MB).
MIL-STD-690D (10 June 2005) – Failure Rate Sampling Plans and Procedures This standard provides procedures for failure rate (FR) qualification, sampling plans for establishing and maintaining FR levels at selected confidence levels, and lot conformance inspection procedures associated with FR testing for the purpose of direct reference in appropriate military electronic parts established reliability (ER) specifications. Figures and tables throughout this standard are based on exponential distribution. Weibull distribution will be acceptable in certain components such as capacitors. Use of Weibull distribution for any component must be approved by the qualifying activity. This standard also provides guidance to specification writers in the use of this standard and references material for users of ER parts. To download MIL-STD-690D in pdf format, click here: (0.3 MB). MIL-HDBK-781A (1 April 1996) – Handbook for Reliability Test Methods, Plans, and Environments for Engineering, Development Qualification, and Production This handbook provides test methods, test plans, and test environmental profiles which can be used in reliability testing during the development, qualification, and production of systems and equipment.
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To download MIL-HDBK-781A in pdf format, click here: (25.8 MB). MIL-HDBK-108 (29 April 1960) – Sampling Procedures and tables for Life and Reliability Testing (Based on Exponential Distribution)Cancelled by NOT 1 dated 31 JAN 2002. MIL-HDBK-108, dated 29 April 1960, is hereby cancelled without replacement. To download NOT 1 in pdf format, click here: (0.01 MB). To download MIL-HDBK-108 in pdf format, click here: (6.2 MB).Order ANSI/ASQ documents from:Quality Press611 East Wisconsin Ave.P.O.
Box 3005Milwaukee, WI Telephone: (800) 248-1946 ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2008 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes This standard is identical to the 2003 version and all procedures and tables remain unchanged from Mil-Std-105E. No need to buy a new copy.
Why not download a free copy of Mil-Std-105E instead? (3366 KB) ANSI/ASQ Z1.9-2008 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming This standard is identical to the 2003 version. No need to buy a new copy. However, Z1.9 differs from Mil-Std-414. The sampling plans in Mil-Std-414 and Mil-Std-105E are not matchd.
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The same AQL, Level of Inspection and Lot Size results in sampling plans with different protection. Z1.9 was matched up with Z1.4, and thus Mil-Std-105E.